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Structured output

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D2

Structured output is model output requested in a specified machine-readable shape, such as fields governed by a schema.

Review status: 2026-12-04

Technical explanation

A schema can make the expected fields, types, and nesting explicit so an application can parse and route output more predictably.

Conceptual boundaries

Structured output concerns syntactic or schema conformance; it is not evidence that the values are true, safe, complete, or suitable for a decision.

Provider-neutral example

A classifier is asked to return a category, confidence field, and rationale field matching a declared schema; the application separately reviews the values before action.

Limitations

Schema-conforming output can still be false or incomplete, and applications must handle documented incomplete-output and refusal cases.

Related concepts

Atomic claims and evidence

  1. 1.1OpenAI API, Structured model outputs
    Source
    OpenAI API, Structured model outputs
    Source role
    Authoritative source
    Exact locator
    Structured Outputs guide: explicit JSON instruction, JSON mode schema limit, and incomplete-output handling
    Supported claim
    OpenAI states that JSON mode requires an explicit instruction to produce JSON, guarantees valid parseable JSON, but does not guarantee a specific schema; applications must also handle documented incomplete-output cases.
    Last verification
    Review due
    Scope limitation
    This is limited to OpenAI's documented JSON-mode behavior and does not establish truth, semantic quality, or successful handling of refusals for every model or provider.
  2. 2.1Anthropic API, Tool use with Claude
    Source
    Anthropic API, Tool use with Claude
    Source role
    Authoritative source
    Exact locator
    Tool use overview: strict tool use
    Supported claim
    Anthropic documents strict tool use as a mechanism for schema-exact tool calls.
    Last verification
    Review due
    Scope limitation
    This is a documented interface guarantee for the specified tool-call feature, not validation of a tool result or of a claim's truth.